They are the first defence in the waterproofing of any building. They take the full force
of torrential downpours of rain in severe rainstorms and provide protection also from
wind driven rain.
Consequently the detailing of flashings, penetrations and guttering is very important.
Sometimes adverse weather conditions can penetrate past acceptable detailing or cause
details
to fail.
Roofs also bare the full brunt of the elements causing over time the deterioration of
waterproofing materials, allowing water to then enter the roof cavity.
Common Problems:

Internal gutters leaking

Skylights leaking

Broken roof tiles

Long run roofing iron detail incorrect

Torch on membranes detail failing

Liquid and sheet membranes punctured

Corrosion of metal roofing materials

Flashings failing in severe conditions
Solutions can involve:

Application of liquid and sheet applied membranes

Replacement of corroded flashings

Modification of existing detailing